CV for Europe: how to adapt your CV to each European country
There is no single European CV. What works in the UK can look strange in Germany or Spain. Here is what changes from country to country.
In short: A CV for Europe should be adapted to each country: in the UK and Ireland, no photo or personal data and two pages; in Germany and Switzerland, a more formal CV where a photo is still common; in Spain and France, one or two pages with an optional photo. Europass exists, but most private employers prefer a concise, achievement-focused CV.
Country comparison
| Country | Photo | Length | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| UK / Ireland | No | 2 pages | Personal statement, no personal data |
| Germany | Common, increasingly optional | 1-2 pages | Formal «Lebenslauf», certificates may be requested |
| Switzerland | Common | 2 pages | Work references valued |
| France | Optional | 1 page | Concise |
| Spain | Optional | 1-2 pages | No ID number or marital status needed |
| Netherlands | Optional | 1-2 pages | Direct and factual |
| Nordics | Optional | 2 pages | Simple, certifications valued |
General customs; always follow the job ad.
Europass: when to use it
Europass is the EU’s free CV format (europass.europa.eu). Use it when an application asks for it (EU programmes, some public bodies, scholarships). For private companies, a shorter achievement-based CV usually works better.
What to change every time
- Language of the job ad.
- Explain foreign qualifications briefly.
- Languages with CEFR levels (B2, C1).
- International phone prefix and LinkedIn.
Languages and the CEFR
Across Europe, language skills are described with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR): A1-A2 basic, B1-B2 independent, C1-C2 proficient. Use it on your CV rather than vague terms like «fluent» or «good».
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Is Europass required in Europe?
Only when an application specifically asks for it.
Should I include a photo?
Not in the UK or Ireland; it is common in Germany and Switzerland.
How long should a European CV be?
One to two pages in most countries.
Should I translate my CV?
Yes, into the language of the job ad, and adapt it, not just translate it.
Is the tool free?
Yes, the PDF download is free with a small note at the bottom.
Updated 03 Nov 2026